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The term "foodborne infection" specifically refers to diseases that result from the ingestion of food contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites. These pathogens can multiply in the intestines or other parts of the body after the contaminated food is consumed, causing illness. This definition encompasses a range of infectious diseases that originate from food sources.

In contrast, food poisoning generally refers to any illness caused by consuming contaminated food, which can be caused by various factors, including but not limited to infections. Allergies involve immune system responses to certain food proteins, and foodborne intoxication specifically describes illnesses caused by toxins produced by microorganisms in food rather than by the pathogens themselves. Therefore, foodborne infections are a subset of foodborne illnesses that focus on the actual infection caused by microorganisms.